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Áß¼¼ ¹®ÇÐÀÛÇ°ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡µé °¡¿îµ¥ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ²ô´Â °ÍÀº, ÀÏ¸é ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀÎ ¾ç»óÀÌ È¥ÀçµÇ¾î µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½Çµé °¡¿îµ¥, '¿©¼ºÇø¿À ¶Ç´Â ¿©¼ººñÇÏÀûÀÎ ½Ã°¢'°ú ¿©¼ºÀÇ Áö°í¹«»óÇÑ Áö¹è±ÇÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â '±ÃÁ¤Ç³ »ç¶û'(amour courtois)ÀÇ °øÁ¸À» ±× ¿¹·Î µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

'±ÃÁ¤Ç³ »ç¶û'¿¡´Â 12¡­13¼¼±â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ '»ç¶û'À̶ó´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ ±â¿ï¿´´ø °ü½É°ú °í´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ ³»·Á¿Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °³³äµéÀÌ Çѵ¥ µÚ¼¯¿© ÀÖ´Ù. °øÅëÀûÀΠƯ¡µéÀÇ µîÀå°ú È°¿ëÀº ¼±·Ê°¡ µÇ´Â ÀÛÇ° ¹× ÀÛ°¡µé°úÀÇ ¿¬°è¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼±Çü¼ºÀ» ¶í ¹®ÇÐÀüÅëÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¿¬°è¼±»ó¿¡´Â ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î Àǹ̺ο©°¡ °³ÀÔµÇ°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀ̸ç, ÀÛ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ À̸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÀǵµÇß°Ç ¾Æ´Ï°Ç °£¿¡, ½Ã°£ÀÇ È帧°ú ½Ã´ë Á¤¼­ÀÇ º¯È­, ±×¸®°í °¢ °³ÀÎÀÇ ÃëÇâÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¹Ý¿µµÈ´Ù. ¿äÄÁ´ë ÀüÅë°ú Çö´ë´Â »óÈ£ °øÁ¸Çϰųª ÀǹÌÀÇ º¯º°¼ºÀ» ³»º¸À̸ç Àú¸¶´ÙÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¡À» °í·ÁÇÏ¿©, º»°í¿¡¼­´Â locus amoenus¶ó´Â ³í°Å(topos)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸î¸î °íÂûÀ» ÅëÇØ, À¯»çÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦µé¿¡¼­ ¾î¶°ÇÑ °øÅëÁ¡°ú Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÆÄ»ýµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ »ìÆ캸°í À̸¦ 'Áß¼¼ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú À§»ó'À̶ó´Â Ãø¸é°ú ¿¬°áÇØ º¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

Äí¸£Æ¼¿ì½º(E. R. Curtius)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¹®ÇÐÀû °ü·Ê·Î¼­ÀÇ ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½º´Â È£¸Þ·Î½º(Homer)¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ±× ¿¬¿øÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Å׿ÀÅ©¸®Åõ½º(Theocritus)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú°í, º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º(Virgil)¿Í ¿Àºñµð¿ì½º(Ovide)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀüÇüÈ­µÇ¾î Áß¼¼ÀÇ Á¦¹Ý ¼­Á¤½Ã¿Í ±ÃÁ¤Ç³ À̾߱â, ¼­»ç½Ã µî¿¡ °­·ÂÇÑ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. 'Áö»ó³«¿ø,' ȤÀº '¿¡µ§ µ¿»ê'°úµµ °°Àº ÀÌ»óÇâÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×¸®´Â ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½ºÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀΠƯ¡Àº ÄܽºÅºÆ¼´©½º ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÀÛ°¡ Ƽº£¸®¾Æ´©½º(Tibérien)ÀÇ ½Ã¿¡¼­ Àß µå·¯³­´Ù.

µéÆÇ »çÀÌ·Î È帣´Â °­Àº ¼­´ÃÇÑ °ñÂ¥±â ¾Æ·¡·Î ±ÁÀÌÄ¡°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

ÁÖº¯Àº ²ÉÇÉ ½Ä¹°µé·Î Ä¡ÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¹Ý¦ÀÌ´Â ÀÚ°¥µé¿¡ µÑ·¯½Î¿© ȯÇÏ°Ô ¹Ì¼ÒÁöÀ¸¸ç,

µµ±Ý¾ç °¡Áöµé °¡±îÀÌ¿¡¼­ £Àº »öÁ¶ÀÇ ¿ù°è¼ö°¡ °­¹° À§¿¡¼­ ¹°°áÄ¡ °í ÀÖ¾ú°í,

¹ÌdzÀÇ ¼Ó»èÀÓ°ú ¾î·ç¸¸Áü¿¡ ºÎµå·´°Ô Èçµé¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

........................................................................................................

³ë·¡¼Ò¸®¿Í Çâ±â·Î °¡µæÂù ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ÀÛÀº ½£À» Áö³ª´Â ¹æ¶ûÀÚ¿¡°Ô,

»õµé°ú °­¹°, ¹Ìdz°ú ½£, ²Éµé°ú ³ìÀ½Àº ȲȦÇÔÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

Through the fields there went a river; down the airy glen it wound,

Smiling mid its radiant pebbles, decked with flowery plants around.

Dark-hued laurels waved above it close by myrtle greeneries,

Gently swaying to the whispers and caresses of the breeze.

..........................................................................................................

To a wanderer through the coppice, fair and filled with song and scent,

Bird and river, breeze and woodland, flower and shade brought ravishment.

(Curtius, European Literature 196-97¿¡¼­ ÀçÀοë. ÇÊÀÚ °­Á¶)

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç³°æÀº ¸¶Æ¼¿Ü µå ¹æµ¼¹Ç(Mathieu de Vendôme)°¡ ȯ±â½ÃÅ°´Â °Í°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ "°¨¹Ì·Î¿î ²ÉÇâ±â, Ǫ¸¥ Ç®¹ç, ½£ÀÇ ¹«¼ºÇÑ ³ª¹«µé, dz¼ºÇÑ °ú½Çµé, ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â »õµé, ¿õ¾ó°Å¸®´Â ½Ã³Á¹°, º½Ã¶ÀÇ ¹Ìdz"À» ±æ°Ô ´Ã¿© ¾´ °ÍÀ̸ç, Çö½Ç ¼¼°è¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù°í´Â »ý°¢µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ³«¿øÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» 'ÀλóÁÖÀÇ' È­°¡ÀÇ ±â¹ýó·³ Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù (Smith 227).

Àü¿øÀÇ Ç³°æÀ» ±×¸° ¸ñ°¡Àû ºÐÀ§±âÀÇ ÀÌ»óÇâÀº óÀ½¿¡´Â °£·«ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½ÃÀÎÀ̳ª ¿õº¯°¡, ¿ª»ç°¡µéÀÇ °æ¿ì, »ç°ÇÀÇ ¹«´ë°¡ µÇ´Â °÷ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ±â¼úÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ̰ųª ȤÀº °¡»óÀÇ Àå½ÄÀ» °¡ÇÏ°ï ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ±â¹ýÀº Áß¼¼ÀÇ ¼­»ç½Ã¿¡¼­µµ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. Ç㱸Àû Àå¼ÒÀÌ°Ç ½ÇÁ¦ Àå¼ÒÀÌ°Ç °£¿¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ »ç½Ç¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¸ñÀûÀ» µÎ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¼­»ç½Ã ÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ Áö¸®ÇÐ, ÁöÁ¤ÇÐÀûÀÎ ¸íÈ®¼ºÀº ´Ü¼øÇÏ°í °£·«Çß´Ù. ÀÏ·Ê·Î ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¹«ÈƽÃ(chanson de geste)ÀÌÀÚ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ¹«ÈƽÃÀ̱⵵ ÇÑ {·Ñ¶ûÀÇ ³ë·¡}(Chanson de Roland)ÀÇ °æ¿ì, '³ª¹«µé'°ú '¾ð´ö'Àº ÀüÅõ¿Í Á×À½ÀÇ Àå¸é¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¸ç, Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÏÀ» °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ±º½Å(ÏÖãí)°£ÀÇ ³íÀdzª ȸ°ß ¶ÇÇÑ ´ë°³´Â 'Á¤¿ø'(verger)À¸·Î °£·«È÷ ¹¦»çµÇ´Â Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¹ú¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ¿¡¼­ À̱³µµÀÇ ¼öÀå ¸¶¸£½Ç¸£(Marsile) ¿ÕÀº 2¸¸¿© ¸íÀÇ ½ÅÇϸ¦ °Å´À¸®°í ³ìÀ½ÀÌ ¿ì°ÅÁø Á¤¿øÀÇ Çª¸¥ ´ë¸®¼®Á À§¿¡ ÀÚ¸®Àâ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶¸£½Ç¸£ ¿ÕÀÇ »çÀÚ¸¦ Á¢°ßÇÏ´Â »þ¸¦¸£¸¶´º(Charlemagne) ¿ª½Ã ·Ñ¶û(Roland)°ú ¿Ã¸®ºñ¿¡(Olivier) µîÀÇ ½ÅÇÏ¿Í ÇÔ²² Ä¿´Ù¶õ Á¤¿ø¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸£´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÈ´Ù. »ç½ÅÀ¸·Î ¿Â ºí¶ûIJµå·À(Blancandrin)ÀÇ Àü¾ð¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼öÇÏÀÇ Á¦Àåµé°ú ³íÀǸ¦ ÇÏ´Â °÷ ¿ª½Ã Á¤¿øÀÇ ¼Ò³ª¹« ¾Æ·¡À̸ç, À̱³µµµéÀÇ ÀüÅõȸÀÇ ¿ª½Ã ¸ñ°¡ÀûÀΠdz°æ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.

±×µéÀº Áø¿µ ÇѺ¹ÆÇ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ù°è¼ö ³ª¹« ¾Æ·¡

Ǫ¸¥ Ç®¹ç¿¡ Èò ºñ´ÜõÀ» ±ò°í

±×°÷¿¡ »ó¾Æ·Î ¸¸µç ¿ÁÁ¸¦ µÎ¾ú´Ù.

¼­»ç½Ã³ª ¹«ÈƽÃÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÑ ±×·çÀÇ ³ª¹«, ´Ü¼øÇÑ Á¤¿ø, ¾ð´öÀ̳ª °è°îÀÌ »ç°ÇÀÇ ¹è°æÀÌ µÇ´Â ¹«´ë¸¦ ±â¼úÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇß°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹è°æ¹¦»çÀÇ °£·«ÇÔÀº {·Ñ¶ûÀÇ ³ë·¡}¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¹¦»ç¿Íµµ ºÎÇյǴ ¸é¸ð¸¦ º¸ÀδÙ. ·Ñ¶û°ú °áÈ¥À» ¾à¼ÓÇß´ø ¿Àµå(Aude)´Â ½ÃÀý 268-269¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î µîÀåÇß´Ù°¡ »þ¸¦¸£¸¶´º·ÎºÎÅÍ ·Ñ¶ûÀÇ Á×À½À» ÀüÇصè°í µ¹¿¬ Á×À½À» ¸ÂÀÌÇϸç, ÀÌÈÄ ±×³à¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·¸µí °£¸íÇÑ ¹¦»ç¿¡´Â {·Ñ¶ûÀÇ ³ë·¡}ÀÇ ÀÛ°¡°¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ï¿© ±æ°Ô ¼­¼úÇÏ´Â Àå¸éÀÌ À̸¥¹Ù ³²¼ºÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̶ó ĪÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±º½Å°£ÀÇ ³íÀÇ¿Í ÀüÅõÀå¸éµé¿¡ ±¹ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡°ú ¹«Èƽà ÀÚüÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀÌ ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í º»´Ù.

Ƽº£¸®¾Æ´©½ºÀÇ ½Ã¿¡¼­¿Í °°Àº ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½º´Â 12¡­13¼¼±âÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ µîÀåÇϸç, 13¼¼±â ¿ìÀǹ®ÇÐÀÇ Á¤¼ö¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â {Àå¹Ì À̾߱â}(Roman de la Rose)´Â ±× ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. 40¿© ³âÀÇ ½Ã°£Àû Â÷À̸¦ µÎ°í µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾º¾îÁø {Àå¹Ì À̾߱â}ÀÇ 'Àü¹ÝºÎ'¿¡¼­ ±â¿è¹Ç µå ·Î¸®½º(Guillaume de Lorris)´Â ²Þ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÁÖÀΰøÀÌ °­°¡¸¦ °Å´Ò´Ù µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ´Â ½ÅºñÇÑ Á¤¿øÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» 1320Çà¿¡¼­ 1408Çà¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ±æ°Ô À̾߱âÇÑ´Ù (Guillaume de Lorris, Roman 106-111; Romance 48-49). Å©°Ô º¸¾Æ 'springs, plantations, gardens, soft breezes, flowers, and bird-voices'ÀÇ 6°¡Áö Ư¡Àû ¿ä¼Ò·Î ¹¦»çµÈ ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½º´Â {Àå¹Ì À̾߱â} ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¿©·¯ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡¼­µµ À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª "ÀÚ·Î Á¤È®È÷ Àé µíÇÑ Á¤»ç°¢ÇüÀÇ Á¤¿ø, »ç°ú³ª¹«, È£µÎ³ª¹«, Æíµµ³ª¹«, ¹«È­°ú³ª¹«, ´ëÃß¾ßÀÚ³ª¹«, ¿ù°è¼ö, ¼Ò³ª¹«, ´À¸¨³ª¹«, ¼Ò»ç³ª¹«, °³¾È³ª¹«, »ç½Ã³ª¹«" µî ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ ³ª¹«µéÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±æÀÌ·Î ½É¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, "¼®·ù, À°µÎ±¸(ë¿Ôå埼), ºÀ¾ß¼ú, ¾Æ´Ï½º, À°°è(ë¿Ìý), ¸¶¸£¸á·Î, º¹¼þ¾Æ, ÀÚµÎ, ¹öÂî, °³¾Ï" µîÀÇ ¿­¸Å°¡ dz¼ºÇÑ °÷, ¿ì°ÅÁø ³ìÀ½°ú »ç½¿, ³ë·ç, Åä³¢ µîÀÇ ¿Â¼øÇÑ µ¿¹°µéÀÌ ¶Ù³ë´Â Àå¼Ò, ¸¼Àº »ùµé°ú ±× ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ½Ì±×·´°í ºÎµå·¯¿î Ç®¹ç, »ç½Ã»çö Ç×»ó °®°¡Áö »ö±òÀÇ ²ÉµéÀÌ ¸¸¹ßÇÑ ÀÌ ½ÅºñÇÑ Á¤¿øÀº Á¤È®ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿Í ½Çü¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â ³«¿øÀ̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ²ö´Ù.

'ÀüÇüÀûÀΠƯ¡À» °®Ãá ½ÅºñÀÇ ÀÌ»óÇâ'À̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½º´Â ±ÃÁ¤Ç³ À̾߱âÀÇ ¿©ÁÖÀΰøµé°ú °ü·Ã¼ºÀ» ¸Î°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¹¦»ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, ±× ½Çü¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ »ó»ó·ÂÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù´Â Á¡Àº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±â»ç À̾߱⿡ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ¿©ÁÖÀΰøµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹¦»ç°¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ̰ųª ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ ¹¦»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ Ãß»óÀûÀÌ°í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¼º°ÝÀ» °®´Â´Ù´Â Á¡°ú ±ä¹ÐÈ÷ ¿¬°èµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (Ferrante 1). ¹¦»çµÇ´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀº ÃÊ¿ùÀûÀÎ ¹ÌÀÇ È­½ÅÀ¸·Î, ¸ðµç ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀåÁ¡µéÀ» ±¸ºñÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ½ÃÀÎÀ̳ª ¿¬Àεé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼þ¾Ó¹Þ´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Á¸ÀçÀÌÁö¸¸, »ì°ú ÇÇ·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¿©ÀÎÀ̱⺸´Ù´Â °ü³ä»óÀÇ ¹ÌÀÇ ÀüÇüÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¸ç, ½ÃÀÎÀ̳ª ¿¬ÀεéÀÇ »ó»óÀ» ÅëÇØ ±¸ÇöµÈ Ãß»óÀû ¿©¼º»ó¿¡ ´Ù¸§ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ À̵é ÁÖÀΰøµéÀº ¼­·Î ½±°Ô ±¸º°µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (Ferrante 66-69).

¸¶¸® µå ÇÁ¶û½º(Marie de France)ÀÇ {±âÁÖ¸¶¸£}(Guigemar)¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â "°í±ÍÇÑ Ç÷ÅëÀ» Ÿ°í³­, »ó³ÉÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ì¸ç Çö¸íÇÑ ¿©ÀÎ"(a woman of high lineage,/ noble, courteous, beautiful, intelligent [211-12Çà]) ȤÀº {¿¡ÄûÅÁ}(Equitan)¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â "ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Áý¾È Ãâ½ÅÀ¸·Î ¸ÅȤÀûÀÎ ¸ð½ÀÀ» °®Ãá ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÎ"(a beautiful woman/ of fine breeding,/ with an attractive form and figure [31-37Çà]), {ÇÁ·»´À}(Le Fresne)¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â "¾Æ¸§´ä°í ±³¾çÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Çö¸íÇÏ°í ¼¼·ÃµÈ, Àß ±³À°¹ÞÀº"(beautiful and cultivated,/ wise, refined, and well educated [253-54Çà]) ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº {¶û¹ß}(Lanval)¿¡¼­ ±×·ÁÁö´Â "ÇÑ¿©¸§ÀÇ Àå¹Ì¿Í ÀþÀº ¹éÇÕ"(the lily and the young rose/ when they appear in the summer [94-95Çà])º¸´Ù ´õ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ¿ë¸ð¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹¦»çÀÇ º¯ÁÖÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

ºû³ª´Â ´«, Çظ¼Àº ¾È»ö,

¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ÀÔ, ´õÇÒ ³ªÀ§ ¾ø´Â ÄÚ,

£Àº °¥»ö ´«½ç°ú ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î À̸¶,

°ö½½°Å¸®´Â ±Ý¹ß¸Ó¸®,

Ȳ±Ý½ÇÀ̶ó Çصµ, Ç޻쿡 ºñÄ£

±×³àÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô¸¸Å­ ºû³ªÁö´Â ¸øÇϸ®¶ó.

Her eyes bright, her face white,

a beautiful mouth, a well-set nose,

dark eyebrows and an elegant forehead,

her hair curly and rather blond;

golden wire does not shine

like her hair in the light. (563-70Çà)

¸¶¸® µå ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­ ¿©ÀεéÀº Àú¸¶´Ù ¾Æ¸§´ä°í ¼¶¼¼ÇÏ¸ç ³Ê±×·´°í ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÇ¸ç, Å©·¹Æ¼¿¨ µå Æ®·ç¾Æ(Chrétien de Troyes)ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­µµ ¿©ÀεéÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº À¯»çÇÏ°Ô ±×·ÁÁø´Ù. {»çÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç}(The Knight with the Lion)¿¡¼­ "Àΰ£ÀÌ º» Àû ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÎ Áß ÇÑ ¸í" (a lady, one of the most beautiful a mortal has ever seen [270])À¸·Î ±×·ÁÁö´Â ·Îµò(Laudine)ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº »ç¶ûÀÇ ½ÅÁ¶Â÷ ±×³àÀÇ ½ÃÁ¾ÀÌ µÇ°íÀÚ ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ¾Æ¸§´ä°í ¸ÅȤÀûÀÎ ¿­¿©¼¸ »ìÀ» ³ÑÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿©ÀÎÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÇ´Â 'Áö±ØÈ÷ À§ÇèÇÑ ¸ðÇèÀÇ ¼º'(Castle of Most Ill Adventure)ÀÇ Á¤¿ø¿¡¼­ Ã¥À» Àд ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ¸ð½À (Not more than sixteen, she was so beautiful and charming that the god of Love, had he seen her, would have become her servant and caused her never to love anyone but him [321])°ú ½±°Ô ±¸º°µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, Ä®·Î±×¸£³¶(Calogrenant)ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À̾߱âÇÏ´Â ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ¸ð½À ¿ª½Ã µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¾ç»óÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ¿äÄÁ´ë, ÀÌ»óÈ­µÈ ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½ºÀÇ ÀüÇü¼º°ú °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, Á¤ÀûÀÎ ±×¸²Ã³·³ Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù.

"¼¼»óÀº ½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾º¾îÁø ÇÑ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥" (Poirion 12)À̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´ø 12¡­13¼¼±âÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î, ÀºÀ¯¿Í ÀÇÀÎÈ­, ³ª¾Æ°¡ '¿ìÀÇ' (allégorie)ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÇʼöºÒ°¡°áÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù´Â Á¡Àº Áß¼¼ÀÇ ±â»ç À̾߱⿡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ø°£Àû ÀåÄ¡µé, Áï µµÃ³¿¡ ÆíÀçÇÏ´Â ½£µé°ú ÁÖÀΰø(´ë°³ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±â»ç)ÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â ´õ¾øÀÌ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Àå¼Ò°¡ °®´Â »ó¡¼ºÀ» Àß º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. Áß¼¼ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â '½£'ÀÇ ¿©·¯ Àǹ̵éÀ» »ìÆ캸¸é, ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ½£Àº '°³È­µÇ°í ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ »îÀÇ ¹Ý´ë'·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ç»óÀ» Àß µå·¯³»ÁÖ´Â ¿¹·Î´Â 'Æ®¸®½ºÅº°ú ÀÌÁ¹µ¥'ÀÇ À̾߱⸦ µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. '¸ð·ç¾Æ(Morrois) ÀÏÈ­'¿¡¼­ ½£Àº ¼¼»óÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ÀºµÐÇÑ Æ®¸®½ºÅº°ú ÀÌÁ¹µ¥°¡ Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ »îÀ» ¿¬¸íÇÏ´Â Àå¼Ò·Î ±×·ÁÁö¸ç, ¸¶¸® µå ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ÀÛÇ° {´Á´ëÀΰ£}(Bisclavret)¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ½£ ¿ª½Ã ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÈ´Ù. ³ª¹«¶ö °Í ¾øÀÌ °í±ÍÇÏ°Ô Ã³½ÅÇÏ°í, ÁÖ±ºÀÇ ÃÑ¾Ö¿Í Å¸ÀÎÀÇ Äª¼ÛÀ» ¹Þ´ø ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±â»ç (A nobleman/ whom I've heard marvelously praised;/ a fine, handsome knight/ who behaved nobly [15-18Çà]) ºñ½ºÅ¬¶óºê·¹´Â, ¹ÌÄ¡±¤ÀÌ°¡ µÇ¾î ½£¿¡¼­ ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ »ýÈ°À» ÇÏ´Â »çÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç À̺¬(Yvain)ó·³(In the woods he lay in wait for animals, then slew them and ate their flesh raw [291]), Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» ¹þ°í ¿ïâÇÑ ½£ ¼Ó¿¡ Ʋ¾î¹ÚÇô µéÁü½ÂÀ» Àâ¾Æ¸ÔÀ¸¸ç ¾ß¼öÀÇ »îÀ» ´©¸°´Ù (My dear, I become a werewolf:/ I go off into the great forest, and I live on the prey I hunt down [63-66Çà]). ¶Ç ½£Àº ¾îµÓ°í ºÒ±æÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ±×·ÁÁö±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. {¼ö·¹¸¦ ź ±â»ç}¿¡¼­ ¸á·¹¾Æ°­(Méléagant)ÀÌ ¿Õºñ ±×´Ï¿¡ºê¸£(Guenièvre)¸¦ ³³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °÷ ¿ª½Ã ½£À̸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½£Àº {»çÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç}ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­´Â ±æÀ» ÀÒ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¹Ì±Ãó·³ ¹¦»çµÈ´Ù.

±Ùó¿¡¼­ ´ç½ÅÀ» ±×°÷À¸·Î ÀεµÇØ ÁÙ ±æÀ» °ð ã°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã°£À» ÇãºñÇÏ±æ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, °ðÀå ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡½Ã¿À. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é °ð ±æÀ» ÀÒ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ±æµéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï±î¿ä.

Near here you will immediately find a path to take you there. If you dont want to lose time, go straight ahead; otherwise you could quickly go astray, for there are many other paths (261).

¹°·Ð ½£ÀÇ À̹ÌÁö°¡ ¾ß¼º°ú ºñ¹®¸íÈ­¸¸À¸·Î Ư¡Áö¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ½£Àº Æ®¸®½ºÅº°ú °°Àº Ãß¹æÀÚµé, Çູ°ú ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ »îÀ» À§Çù¹Þ´Â À̵鿡°Ô ´õÇÒ ³ªÀ§ ¾ø´Â Àº½Åó°¡ µÇ±âµµ Çϸç (Maintenant, Tristan est tout autant en sécurité que s'il se trouvait dans un château entouré de murailles. [80-81]), {´Á´ëÀΰ£}(Bisclavret)ÀÇ ±â»ç°¡ ´Á´ë·Î º¯ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ À°Ã¼ÀûÀÌ°Ç Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌµç °£¿¡ ¸ðµç º¯½ÅÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â ¸¶¹ýÀÇ Àå¼ÒÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¶Ç {Àε¿µ¢±¼}(Chevrefoil)ÀÇ °æ¿ìó·³ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â µÎ ¿¬ÀÎÀÇ Àçȸ¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹«´ë°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù (in the woods she found him/ whom she loved more than any living thing./ They took great joy in each other [92-94Çà]).

±×·¯³ª ½£ÀÌ °®´Â °¡Àå Ư¡ÀûÀÎ »ó¡¼ºÀº ¸¶¸® µå ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ {±âÁÖ¸¶¸£}(Guigemar)¿¡¼­ Àß µå·¯³­´Ù. »ç³ÉÀ» ³ª°£ ÁÖÀΰøÀÌ 'Èò »ç½¿'À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ½Åºñ½º·± ¸ðÇè°ú ½Ã·ÃÀ» °ÞÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Ä§³» »ç¶ûÀ» ã°ÔµÇ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç°ÇµéÀÇ ¹«´ë°¡ ¸ðµÎ ½£À¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Èò »ç½¿ÀÌ ±âÁÖ¸¶¸£¿¡°Ô ÇÑ ¸», Áï "¾î´À ¿©ÀÎÀÌ ±×´ë¸¦ Ä¡·áÇØÁÖ±â Àü±îÁö´Â/ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾àÃʳª ½Ä¹°ÀÇ »Ñ¸®,/ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àǻ糪 ¾àÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ/ ±×´ëÀÇ ´ëÅðºÎ »óó¸¦/ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸®" (Neither herb nor root,/ neither physician nor potion,/ will cure you/ of that wound in your thigh,/ until a woman heals you [110-14Çà])¶ó´Â ¿¹¾ðÀº '°íÅë°ú ½Ã·ÃÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ°ú ³¡'À» ¿¹°íÇÏ´Â ½£ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» Àß º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

½£¿¡¼­ ÆîÃÄÁö´Â ±â»çµéÀÇ Æí·ÂÀº Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ¸¸³²À» ÃÊ·¡Çϸç, ÀÌ ¸¸³²¿¡´Â ³î¶ó¿î Àϵé°ú ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ À§ÇèÀÌ µû¸£±â ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë {»çÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç}¿¡¼­ Ä®·Î±×¸£³¶(Calogrenant)Àº ½£ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÈäÃøÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀÇ Àι°À» ¸¸³ª (A churl, who looked like a Moor, was sitting on a stump with a large club in his hand [260]) ½ÅºñÀÇ »ùÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ±æÀ» ÀüÇØ µéÀ¸¸ç, ±âÁÖ¸¶¸£(Guigemar) ¿ª½Ã ½£À» Áö³­ ÈÄ »óóÀÔÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è·Î ÀεµÇÒ ½ÅºñÇÑ ¹è¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù (145-54Çà). ÇÑÆí ¿Õºñ¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ·¯ ¶°³­ ¶û½½·Î°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹°À½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯ ´ë½Å ¹«Á¶°Ç ¼ö·¹¿¡ ¿Ã¶óŸ¸é ¿ÕºñÀÇ Çà¹æÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ °°Àº ¸»À» ÇÏ´Â ³­ÀïÀ̸¦ ¸¸³­ °Í ¿ª½Ã ½£ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ÀÌ´Ù (The miserable dwarf, ill-born and ill-bred, would give no information, but replied: "If you want to climb into the cart I am driving, you will learn by tomorrow what has happened to the queen." [174]). À̺¬ ¶ÇÇÑ »ý°¢¿¡ Àá°Ü ±íÀº ½£À» Áö³ª´Ù ±âÀÌÇÑ ½Î¿ò Àå¸éÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇÏ°í ¿©ÇàÀÇ µ¿¹ÝÀÚ°¡ µÉ »çÀÚ¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

»ý°¢¿¡ Àá°Ü ±íÀº ½£À» Áö³¯ ¶§, À̺¬ °æ(ÌÏ)Àº ³ª¹«µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Å©°í °íÅ뽺·± ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®°¡ ³ª´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®°¡ µé·Á¿À´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¸»¸Ó¸®¸¦ µ¹·È´Ù. ºóÅÍ¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§, ±×´Â »çÀÚ¿Í ¹ìÀ» º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥, ¹ìÀº ²¿¸®·Î »çÀÚ¸¦ °¨°í »çÀÚÀÇ Ç㸮¿¡ À̱۰Ÿ®´Â ºÒ±æÀ» ³»»Õ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̺¬ °æÀº ÀÌ ±âÀÌÇÑ ±¤°æÀ» ¿À·¡ °ü¸ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. µÑ Áß ¾î´À ÂÊÀ» µµ¿ïÁö¿¡ »ý°¢ÀÌ ¹ÌÄ¡ÀÚ, Áöü¾øÀÌ »çÀÚ¸¦ µ½±â·Î °á½ÉÇߴµ¥, ¹ìÀº µ¶ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ±³È°ÇÏ¿© Çظ¦ ÀÔ¾î ¸¶¶¥Ç߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.

Absorbed in his thoughts, Sir Yvain was riding through a deep forest when he heard a loud cry of pain from the trees. He turned in the direction of the cry. When he reached a clearing, he saw a lion and a serpent, which was holding the lion by the tail and scorching his haunches with burning fire. Sir Yvain spent little time looking at this strange sight. When he considered which of the two he would help, he decided to go to aid the lion, because a serpent with its venom and treachery deserved nothing but harm (296-97).

±â»çµéÀÇ ¸ðÇèÀº ´Þ¸® ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ÃÊ¿ùÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿¬Àû ½Ã·ÃÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ 'À§ÇèÀÇ Ãß±¸'À̸ç, ÀÌ À§ÇèÀ» ±Øº¹Çؾ߸¸ Â÷ÈÄÀÇ ¿µ±¤À» ¾à¼Ó¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÅºñÇÑ »ùÀÇ ±â»ç¸¦ Á×ÀÓÀ¸·Î½á, À̺¬Àº ·ÎµòÀ̶ó´Â ¿©ÀÎÀ» ¸¸³ª°Ô µÇ°í, ±×³à¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û¿¡ ¸öÀÌ ´Þ¾Æ¿À¸¥´Ù. ·ÎµòÀÇ ³²ÆíÀ» »ìÇØÇÑ À̺¬ÀÌ ±×³à¿¡°Ô ´À³¢´Â »ç¶ûÀÇ °¨Á¤, ±×¸®°í ±× °¨Á¤ÀÇ °á½ÇÀÎ ·Îµò°úÀÇ °áÈ¥ ¸ðµÎ°¡ À̺¬ÀÌ ±Øº¹ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ½Ã·Ã¿¡ ¼ÓÇϸç, ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÁöÅ°Áö ¸øÇÑ À̺¬ÀÌ ·ÎµòÀ» µÇã±â À§ÇØ °Þ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¸ðÇèµé ¿ª½Ã Â÷ÈÄÀÇ ¿µ±¤°ú ÇູÀ» À§ÇÑ µµÁ¤ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» Áö´Ñ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¸ðÇè°ú ÀÌ»óÈ­µÈ ¿©ÀÎ, ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½ºÀÇ ¸ðƼÇÁ´Â 'Â÷º°È­' ±âÀç¶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­µµ °øÅëÁ¡À» °®´Â´Ù. »ç½Ç»ó Æò¹üÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô´Â ¸ðÇèÀ̳ª ½Åºñ°¡ µÚµû¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¹ß°ß°ú ³î¶ó¿òÀº Ưº°ÇÑ Àι°µé¿¡°Ô¸¸ Â÷º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ°úµÈ´Ù. ¾Æ¸§´ä±â ±×Áö¾ø´Â ¿©ÀÎÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÌ ¿ë¸ÍÇÏ°í ºñ±æ µ¥ ¾øÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³­ ´Ü ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¸¸ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â °Íó·³, ½ÅºñÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Á¤¿ø ¿ª½Ã ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ ¿­·ÁÁø °÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. {Àå¹Ì À̾߱â}ÀÇ Á¤¿øÀÌ ¿ÜºÎ ¼¼°è¿Í ³ôÀº º®À¸·Î Â÷´ÜµÇ¾î ÀÛ°í Á¼Àº Âʹ®À» ÅëÇؼ­¸¸ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °÷À̵í, ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ³«¿ø¿¡ ¹ßÀ» ³»µó±â Àü¿¡ ±â»çµé(º¸´Ù ³Ð°Ô ÁöĪÇÑ´Ù¸é ³²¼º ÁÖÀΰøµé)Àº ´ë°³ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¾ß¼ºÀÇ '½£'À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ °÷À» Áö³ªÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¼ ¶§ ¸ðÇèÀº ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ »î°ú ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¼¼°è·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÌ°í ¿ì¿ùÀûÀÎ ¼¼°è·ÎÀÇ ÀÌÇàÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ±× µµÁ¤¿¡´Â '¾ß¼ºÀÇ ½£'°ú '¾Æ¸§´ä°í ½ÅºñÇÑ ÀÌ»óÇâ'(locus amoenus)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±â»çµéÀÇ ¸ðÇèÀº {¿ä³Ø}(Yonec)¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, ºÒÇàÇÑ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ °£ÀýÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ºÎÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±×·ÁÁö¸ç, ½½ÇÄ°ú °íÅëÀ» ¸Àº¸´Â ¿©Àε鿡°Ô À§¾È°ú ÇູÀ» ÁÖ´Â 'ÇعæÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ±æ'·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù.

³ª´Â ÈçÈ÷µé ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù

¿¹Àü¿¡ ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â

[½Åºñ·Î¿î] ¸ðÇèµéÀÌ

ºÒÇàÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô ±â»ÝÀ» ¾È°Ü ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í.

I've often heard

that one could once find

adventures in this land

that brought relief to the unhappy (91-94Çà).

{±âÁÖ¸¶¸£}(Guigemar)ÀÇ ¿©ÁÖÀΰøÀº ³ô°í µÎÅÍ¿î Ǫ¸¥ ´ë¸®¼® º®À¸·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀΠž¿¡ °¤Çô ÀÖÀ¸¸ç (The grove beneath the tower/ was closed all around/ with walls of green marble,/ very high and thick. [219-22Çà]), {¿ä³Ø}(Yonec)ÀÇ ¿©ÁÖÀΰø ¿ª½Ã ž¿¡ °¨±ÝµÇ¾î ½½ÇÄÀÇ ³ª³¯À» º¸³½´Ù (He locked her inside his tower/ in a great paved chamber. [27-28Çà]). À̵鿡°Ô´Â ÀÌÁßÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ¸¶Ä§³» ÀڽŵéÀ» ½½ÇÄ°ú ¾²¶ó¸²¿¡¼­ Çعæ½ÃÄÑ ÁÙ ±¸¿øÀڷμ­ÀÇ ³²¼º ±â»çµéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, {»çÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç}¿¡¼­ ¿õÀåÇÑ ¼ºÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Á¤¿ø¿¡¼­ Æò¿ÂÇÏ°Ô ¸Ó¹«´Â °Íó·³ ¹¦»çµÈ »ç¶÷µé ¶ÇÇÑ ½ÇÀº ²ûÂïÇÑ ºÒÇàÀ» ¾È°í »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â °íÅëÀÇ ³ë¿¹µé·Î ±¸¿øÀÇ ¼Õ±æÀ» ±â´Ù¸°´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ Å©·¹Æ¼¿¨ µå Æ®·ç¾ÆÀÇ ÀÛÇ° {¼ö·¹¸¦ ź ±â»ç}(The knight of the cart)ÀÇ µµÀÔ ºÎºÐÀº Ưº°ÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ö´Ù.

³ªÀÇ ±ÍºÎÀÎ ¸¶¸® µå ¼§ÆÄ´º²²¼­ ³»°¡ À̾߱⸦ Áþ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó½Ã´Ï, ³ª´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ±â²¨ÀÌ ±× ÀÏÀ» ¸ÃÀ¸·Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×³à¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» ÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î, Àϸ»ÀÇ ¾Æ÷ ¾øÀÌ, ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ±×³à¿¡°Ô Çå½ÅÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î¼­.

Since my lady of Champagne wills me to undertake the making of a romance, I shall undertake it with freat goodwill, as one so wholly devoted that he will do anything in the world for her without any intention of flattery (170).

Áö°íÇÑ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¸íÀ» ¹Þµé¾î ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°À» ¾²°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ¾ð±Þ¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±ÍºÎÀÎÀÇ µå³ôÀº À§»óÀº {»çÀÚÀÇ ±â»ç}ÀÇ µµÀÔ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ °íÅ뽺·¯¿î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½ÇÆдãÀ» ¿ÕºñÀÇ ±â»ÝÀ» À§ÇØ ±â²¨ÀÌ µé·Á ÁÖ°Ú³ë¶ó´Â Ä®·Î±×¸£³¶ÀÇ ¸» (Lady, what you tell me to do is very painful indeed. I would rather have one of my teeth pulled out than tell them any more of my story today, were I not afraid of angering you. But I shall do your pleasure however much it displeases me [259])¿¡¼­ È®¿¬È÷ µå·¯³­´Ù. ¶Ç ¿Õºñ¸¦ ±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ Á˼ö¸¦ È£¼ÛÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾²ÀÌ´ø ¼ö·¹¿¡ °á¿¬È÷ ¿Ã¶óŸ¸ç (The knight leapt up without concern for the disgrace because this was Love's will and command [174]), ¿ÕºñÀÇ ºø¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº ¸î ¿ÃÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀ» ±× ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¼ÒÁßÈ÷ °£Á÷ÇÏ´Â ¶û½½·ÎÀÇ ¸ð½À ¶ÇÇÑ ±× Áõ°Å°¡ µÈ´Ù (He first pulled out the strands of hair so carefully that not one was damaged... Between his shirt and his skin he placed them on his breast, next to his heart [188]).

±×·¯³ª ÀÌ¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛÇ° Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº ³²¼ºÀÇ Æø·Â ¾Õ¿¡ ¹«±â·ÂÇÏ´Ù.

ù ¹ø° ¹æ¿¡ µé¾î°¬À» ¶§, ±×´Â ÀþÀº ¿©ÀÎÀÌ Å«¼Ò¸®·Î ¿ÜÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×³à´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°¡ ÀáÀÚ¸®¸¦ °°ÀÌÇؾ߸¸ ÇÏ´Â ¿©ÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¶§ ±×´Â ¹æ¹®ÀÌ ¿­¸° ä ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±×¸®·Î ÇâÇß°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤¸é¿¡¼­, ¾î¶² ±â»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ä§´ë¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¾²·¯¶ß·ÁÁ® ¿ÊÀÌ ¸¶±¸ ¹þ°ÜÁø ¿©ÀÎÀ» º¸°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

In the first room he entered he heard a young lady screaming, and it was the very person with whom he was supposed to lie. He then noticed the door to another room open. Going in that direction, he saw straight ahead of him a knight who had thrown the lady down and held her completely disrobed across the bed (183).

¿©¼ºÀº ¶Ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖü¼ºÀ» »ó½ÇÇÑ Àå½ÄÇ°À̳ª ºÎ»ó(prize)¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ Á¸Àç·Î ±×·ÁÁö±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.

"ÀÌÁ¦ ±×´ë´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿µÁÖÀ̸ç Áö¹èÀÚÀ̽ʴϴÙ"¶ó°í ±×µé[¿Õ°ú ¿Õºñ]Àº ¸»Çß´Ù. "¶Ç ÀúÈñ µþÀ» ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ³»·Î µå¸®¿À´Ï, ÀúÈñ µþÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿©ÀÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù."

"³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ ´ç½Åµé¿¡°Ô µÇµ¹·Á µå¸³´Ï´Ù."¶ó°í ±×´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¿øÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ ±×³à¸¦ °®µµ·Ï ÇϽʽÿÀ. ³ª´Â ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù."

"Now you shall be our lord and master," they announced. "And our daughter will be your lady, for we shall present her to you as your wife."

"And as for me, I give her back to you," he replied. "Let the man who desires her have her; I care not." (325)

»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©¼ºÀº Á¤º¹ÇØ¾ß µÇ´Â ´ë»óÀÓ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³Ñ¾î¼­¾ß ÇÒ Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¸é¸ð¸¦ º¸ÀÌ°ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©¼ºÀÇ Áö°í¹«»óÇÔÀº ¿Ü°ü»ó¿¡ ±×Ä¥ »ÓÀ̸ç, ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ´ë»ó¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀº "º¸È£ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø ±â»ç¸¦ ¹°¸®Ä¡¸é ¾Æ¹«·± ºñ³­À̳ª ¼öÄ¡µµ ¾øÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ¿©¼ºÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù"´Â ·Î±×¸£(Logres)ÀÇ Ç³½À¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ±Ø¸íÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù.

°æ(ÌÏ)ÀÌ¿©, ±×³à´Â ¸»Çß´Ù. ¼±´ë ÀÌ·¡·Î ·Î±×¸£ ¿Õ±¹¿¡¼­ ÁöÄÑÁö°í ÀÖ´Â °ü½À°ú °ü·Ê¿¡ µû¶ó ´ç½ÅÀÌ Àú¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ÀεµÇØ ÁֽŴٸé, ´ç½Å°ú ÇÔ²² ³ëÁ¤ÀÇ »ó´ç ºÎºÐÀ» °°ÀÌÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã, ÀÌ °ü·Ê¿Í ±Ç¸®´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò´Ù. ½Ã³àÀÌµç ±ÍºÎÀÎÀÌµç °£¿¡ Ȧ·Î °¡´Â ¿©ÀÎÀ» ±â»ç°¡ ¸¸³µÀ» ¶§, ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÆòÆÇÀ» ¾ò°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ðµç ±â»ç´Â ±×³à¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¹ÀÇ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ´À´Ï Â÷¶ó¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñÀÌ º£ÀÌ´Â ÆíÀ» ÅÃÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°¡ ¿©ÀÎÀ» °ÌÅ»ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×´Â ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ¶Ç ¸ðµç ±ÃÁ¤¿¡¼­ Ä¡¿å½º·± ¿À¸í¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô µÉ ÅÍ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×³à°¡ ¾î´À ±â»çÀÇ º¸È£ÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ» ¶§, ¿©ÀÎÀ» ¾ò±â À§ÇØ µ¿ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀÌ¿Í ½Î¿ì°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±â»ç°¡ ¹«Àå °áÅõ¿¡¼­ ½Â¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼öÄ¡³ª ºñ³­µµ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í, ¿©Àο¡ ´ëÇØ ±×°¡ ¿øÇϴ´ë·Î ÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

Sir, she said, I would like to accompany you quite a way along the route if you agree to escort and conduct me according to the manners and customs observed in the kingdom of Logres since before our time.¡¡In those days the practices and liberties were such that if a knight came upon a girl be she lady or maid-in-waiting he would no more treat her with dishonner than cut his own throat should a noble reputation concern him. If he assaulted her, he would be held in disgrace always and at every court. But if she was under the escort of one knight, another, anxious to fight for her and successful in winning her in armed combat, might do with her as he pleased without receiving censure or shame (186).

Å©·ç°Å(R. L. Krueger)ÀÇ ¼³¸í¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç³½ÀÀº À̸§ ¸ð¸¦ ¿©ÀÎÀÌ ¶û½½·ÎÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ̸ç, 3ÀÎĪÀ¸·Î ±â¼úµÇ´Â ÀÌ ¼³¸íÀº ¿Ü°ü»ó ¿©ÀÎÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ °á±¹ ±â»çÀÇ ¸í¿¹·Î ±ÍÂøµÊÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¿©ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ²¼ºÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©ÀÎÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ±â»çÀÇ ¼ºÀû ¼ÒÀ¯¹°(sexual possession)À̳ª ºÎ»ó(prize)À¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ¿©¼ºÀº ±â»çµµÀÇ ¸í¿¹Ã¼°è ¾È¿¡¼­ ³²¼ºµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ã³¸®µÇ´Â ±³È¯´ë»ó¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÈ´Ù. °á±¹ ¿©¼ºÀ» À§ÇùÇÏ´Â °­Å», ³²¼ºÀÇ Æø·ÂÀû À§ÇùÀº ¿©¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â»çÀÇ º¸È£¸¦ ÇʼöºÒ°¡°áÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¸ç, ³²¼ºÀÇ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©¼ºÀº ÀúÇ×·ÂÀ» »ó½ÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù (Krueger 40).

¿©¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â µÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ °ßÇØ(À§Ç轺·´°í ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸ð½ÀÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ±âµ¶±³Àû °üÁ¡°ú ³²¼ºÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ź»ýÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¹Ì´öÀ» °®Ãá ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ¸ð½À)¿¡¼­, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ÁÖº¯È­µÇ°í ¹«±â·ÂÇÑ ¿©¼º°ú´Â °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ö°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿©ÀÎÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÌ ³²¼º ÁÖÀΰø¿¡°Ô ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °è±â¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØÁÖ¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ» ÅëÇØ ±â»ç°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹Ì´öÀ» °í¾ç½ÃŲ´Ù´Â Á¡Àº ³²¼º Áö¹è À̵¥¿Ã·Î±âÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ±Ø¸íÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶ûÀ» ÅëÇØ ±â»ç°¡ À̸¥¹Ù ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ '¿ÏÀüÈ­', ¸ðµç ÀáÀç´É·ÂÀÇ ±Ø´ëÈ­¸¦ ²ÒÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ¿©¼ºÀº ¸ñÀûÀÓ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸Å°³¹°ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ³²¼ºÀÇ ¼º¼÷°ú µµ¾ß¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­¸¸ÀÌ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¹Ì´ö ¶ÇÇÑ ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ º¼ ¶§ ±âÀú¿¡ ±ò¸° ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡Àº ¿©¼ºÀÇ ÁöÀ§¿Í ¿ªÇÒÀ» Áß½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ³²¼º ÁÖÀΰø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ̺ο©¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̺¬ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ·ÎµòÀ» ž¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶óº½À¸·Î½á »ç¶û¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô µÇÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¶ûÀÇ Æ¯Â¡Àº ¿©¼º°ú °í´ë ½ÅÈ­ÀÇ '¹Ù½Ç¸®½ºÅ©'(basilisk)¸¦ ¿¬°è½ÃÅ°±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. º¸±â¸¸ Çصµ ±× ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ Áï»çÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ Àü¼³»óÀÇ µ¿¹°À» ¶°¿Ã¸®°Ô ÇÏ´Â '¿©ÀÎÀ» ¹Ù¶óº½À¸·Î½á ¾ò´Â »ç¶ûÀÇ »óó' ±×¸®°í À̾îÁö´Â »óóÀÇ ±Øº¹°ú »ç¶ûÀÇ È¹µæÀº '±ÃÁ¤Ç³ »ç¶û'À¸·Î ¹ÌÈ­µÈ À̸éÀÇ ½ÉÃþ¿¡ ÀáÀçµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ³²¼ºÁö¹èÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀåÀ» ´ëº¯Çϴ Ư¡ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.

±â»ç·Î¼­ ¼öÄ¡½º·´°í ÇüÆí¾ø´Â ÇൿÀ» °­¿äÇÏ´Â ¿ÕºñÀÇ ¸í ("Go, young lady, and mount your palfrey," she said. "I send you to the same knight you met yesterday. Look for him until you find him. Delay on no account. Once again tell him still to act in this manner, to do his worst." [241])¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¶û½½·ÎÀÇ ¸ð½À¿¡¼­µµ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »óȲÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ã±â À§ÇØ ±×Åä·Ï ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¸¹Àº ¿ª°æÀ» °ÅÄ£ ±â»ç ¶û½½·Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÕºñÀÇ °ÅºÎ´Â ¿¬ÀÎÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Çå½ÅÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â '±ÃÁ¤Ç³ »ç¶û'ÀÇ ÀýÁ¤À¸·Î Çؼ®µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×³àÀÇ Ä§¹¬°ú ºÐ³ë´Â »õ·Î¿î ³²¼º¿å¸ÁÀÇ µµ·¡¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡·Î »ç¿ëµÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©¿ÕÀÇ °ÅºÎ¿Í ³Ã´ãÇÔÀº ¶û½½·ÎÀÇ Ã¶ÀúÇÑ Çå½ÅÀ» °­¿äÇÏ´Â µíÇÏÁö¸¸, °á±¹¿¡ °¡¼­´Â ±×ÀÇ Á¤³äÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºÒÅ¿ì´Â ÀϽÃÀû ³»ºÎ Àå¾Ö¹°¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ³²¼ºÀÌ ¿©¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å¸ÁÀ» Ç°´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ç㱸°¡ µÈ´Ù (Krueger 60-61).

Áö±Ý±îÁö »ìÆ캻 °Íó·³, '¸ðÇè'ÀÇ Ãâ¹ßÁ¡ÀÎ ½£À» Áö³ª´Â µµÁß È¤Àº Åë°úÇÑ ÈÄ ±â»ç´Â ºñÇÒ µ¥ ¾øÀÌ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °÷À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Åë°úÀǷʿ͵µ °°Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¾´Ü¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº dz°æ°ú ¿©¼ºÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÁßÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò°ú ¸¶ÁÖÄ¡°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ»óÇâÀÇ ¹¦»ç´Â ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù±âº¸´Ù´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Àü°³µÉ ±â»çÀÇ ¿µ¿õÀû ¸ðÇè°ú ¾÷Àû, ¿µ±¤ÀÇ Áغñ¹«´ëÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ»óÇâÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã·Ã°ú °íÅëÀ» °Þ¾î¾ß¸¸ ¼ºÃëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½º¿Í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÎÀº º»°ÝÀûÀÎ À̾߱âÀÇ Åº»ýÀ» ¾ç»êÇÏ´Â ¸ðÅÂÀÓ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ±Í°áÁ¡ÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸±â¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀΠdz°æÀÎ ·ÎÄí½º ¾Æ¸ð¿¡´©½º´Â ÀÏ¸é ºÎ¼ö¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °¨¿Á°úµµ °°Àº ¼Ó¼ºÀ» Áö´Ò ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±â»ç, ȤÀº ³²¼º ÁÖÀΰøÀÇ ±¸¿øÀÇ ¼Õ±æÀ» ÅëÇؼ­¸¸ÀÌ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò°ú ÆòÈ­¸¦ °£Á÷ÇÑ º»¿¬ÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î dz°æÀ» ȹµæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³²¼ºÀº ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è, ÀÌ»óÇâ°úÀÇ Á¶¿ì¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿©ÀÎÀÇ »ç¶ûÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ¸ðÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ ½º½º·ÎÀÇ '¿ÏÀüÇÑ µµ¾ß'¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°Ô µÈ´Ù. Áß¼¼ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡¼­ ºó¹øÇÏ°Ô µîÀåÇÏ´Â '¾ß¼ºÀÇ ½£'°ú '¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Àå¼Ò', '¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÎ'Àº ³«¿øÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¼öÈ£Àڷμ­ÀÇ ³²¼º ÁÖÀΰøµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Àå½ÄÀÌÀÚ ¹è°æÀ̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛÇ° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³²¼º ÁÖÀΰø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áý¾àÀûÀÎ ÃÊÁ¡ºÎ¿©¸¦ ÅëÇØ, ¿ì¸®´Â ¹è°æÀÌ µÇ´Â dz°æó·³ ó¸®µÈ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ÁÖº¯È­¸¦ ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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1. PRIMARY WORKS

Chrétien de Troyes. OEuvres complètes. Éds. Daniel Poirion et al. Paris: Gallimard, 1994.

―――――――. The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes. Trans. David Staines. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990.

Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun. Le Roman de la Rose. Ed. Armand Strubel. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1992.

―――――――. The Romance of the Rose. Trans. Charles Dahlberg. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1995.

La Chanson de Roland. Ed. Gérard Moignet. 3rd ed. Paris: Bordas, 1969.

Marie de France. Lais de Marie de France. Ed. Laurence Harf-Lancner. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1990.

―――――――. The Lais of Marie de France. Trans. Robert Hanning and Joan Ferrante. Durham: Labyrinth, 1978.

Tristan et Iseut. Eds. Daniel Lacroix et Philippe Walter. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1989.

2. SECONDARY WORKS

Ainsworth, Peter F.¡¡"'The letter killeth': Law and Spirit in Marie de France's Lay of Le Fresne."¡¡French Studies 50.1 (1996): 1-14.

Armstrong, Grace M. "Women of Power: Chrétien de Troyes's Female Clerks."¡¡Women in French Literature. Ed. Michel Guggenheim. Saratoga: Anma Libri, 1988. 29-46.

Bloch, R. Howard. Medieval Misogyny and the Invention of Western Romantic Love. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991.

Brumlik, Joan. "The Lyric Malmariée: Marie's Subtext in Guigemar." Romance Quarterly 43.2 (1996): 67-80.

Curtius, E. R. La littérature européenne et le Moyen Âge latin. Trans. Jean Bréjoux. Paris: Pocket, 1991.

―――――――. European Literature and the Latin Middle ages. Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper, 1953.

Ferrante, Joan M. Woman as Image in Medieval Literature: From the Twelfth Century to Dante. New York: Columbia UP, 1975.

Frappier, Jean. "Vues sur les conceptions courtoises dans les littératures d'oc et d'oïl au XIIe siècle." Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale 2.2 (1959): 135-156.

Gold, Penny Schine. The Lady & the Virgin. Image, Atitude, and Experience in Twelfth-century France. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1985.

Krueger, Roberta L. Women Readers and the Ideology of Gender in Old French Verse Romance. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.

Micha, Alexandre. De la chanson de geste au roman. Genève: Droz, 1976.

Ménard, P. Les Lais de Marie de France. Paris: PUF, 1979.

Nelson, Deborah. "A Woman Is Like.. . ." Romance Quarterly 46.2 (1999): 67-73.

Poirion, Daniel. Le Roman de la Rose. Paris: Hatier, 1973.

Ribard, Jacques. Le Moyen Âge. Littérature et symbolisme. Paris: Champion, 1984.

Smith, Nathaniel B. "In Search of the Ideal Landscape: From Locus Amoenus¡¡to Parc du Champ Joli¡¡in the Roman de la Rose."¡¡Viator 11 (1980): 225-243.






¢Â Abstract

Woman as locus amoenus

Junhyun Kim

The role of woman in medieval literature can be compared with that of locus amoenus, a well-known topos of the medieval lyric. Descriptions of the locus amoenus, or pleasant place, are abundantly found in medieval French courtly literature: among them are idyllic settings in Marie de France and Chrétien de Troyes and the magnificent garden in The Romance of the Rose. Resemblance between this locus amoenus and the heroine of courtly literature is truly remarkable. As the locus amoenus is not a faithful representation of real landscape, the lady loved by the knightly hero is seldom presented as a living person with flesh and blood. In addition, as the locus is an ideal place resembling the Garden or Eden, the lady is an idealized and idolized woman comparable to Virgin Mary. Moreover, as the locus is characterized by permanent elements such as gardens, soft breezes, flowers, and singing birds, the lady is portrayed as young, beautiful, kind, gracious, and gentle. In many courtly poems, the forest functions as a converging point of these two topoi: the wandering knight encounters both a lovely place and a beautiful lady in a wild forest. The repercussion of their rendezvous, however, is not far reaching. The locus merely sets the stage for the adventures for the male hero. So is the lady who is considered part of the landscape and thus, despite her semi-divine stature, doomed to a marginalized position.

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