Classical and Biblical


Backgrounds


to


Western Literature

 

by

 

Brother Anthony of Taizé

                                 

Originally published by Sogang University Press
Sogang University, Seoul, Korea

First edition 1989
Second, expanded edition 2002
Online edition 2021




Contents

 

Introduction

 

1  Mesopotamia

Sumerian Culture

The First Assyrian Empire

Mesopotamian Mythology

A summary of Gilgamesh

 

2  Egypt

 

3. Israel

Early History: The Patriarchs

Moses and the Exodus

The Jerusalem Kingdom

Exile and Return

 

4. Greek History

Early Greek History

Crete

Mycenae

The Dorians, Ionia, and Heroic Legend

The First Named Poet : Homer

The Iliad

The Odyssey

Hesiod

From the Theogony

The Phoenicians, the Greek Alphabet

Greek Colonies

The City-State

Social Change

Sparta

Athens

The Persians

Victory at Salamis

From 480 until the Fall of Athens

 

5.  Greek Philosophy

The Early Greek Philosophers

Quotations from Xenophanes

Quotations from Heraclitus

Quotations from Parmenides

Quotations from Zenon

The Sophists

Socrates

From Socrates' Defense

The Death of Socrates

Plato

Plato's Teaching

Texts from Plato

The Image of the Cave

Diotima's speech

Aristotle

Aristotle on Tragedy

Later Philosophy

Quotations from Epicurus

Stoicism

Hellenistic Philosophy

 

6.  Greek Drama & Poetry

Aeschylus

Agamemnon

Coephori

Eumenides

Prometheus Bound

Sophocles

Oedipus the King

Antigone  

Euripides

Greek Comedy

Aristophanes

Greek Lyric Poetry

Archilochus  

Sappho

Anacreon

Pindar

 

7.  Alexander and Hellenism

After Alexander

The Culture of the Hellenistic Age

Asia Minor and Israel

The Greek Novel

 

8.  The Gods of Greece and Rome

 

9.  Greek Mythology

Hercules

Perseus & Theseus

The Trojan War

The Argonauts

Ovid's Metamorphoses

Daphne

Deucalion

Pyramus and Thisbe

Baucis and Philemon

Echo and Narcissus

Icarus

Pan and Syrinx

Diana and Actaeon

Pygmalion

Venus and Adonis

Hero and Leander

Orpheus and Eurydice

 

10.  Rome and the Roman Empire

Early Roman History

The Civil War

Plutarch : The Death of Julius Caesar

Augustus

Literature

Cicero's De Officiis

Lucretius: De Rerum Natura

Augustan Literature

From Virgil's "Pollio"  

The Aeneid

The Emperors after Augustus

Literary Figures of the Post-Augustan Period

The Later Empire  

The Writers of the Silver Age

The Decline and Fall

 

11.  The Bible: The Old Testament

The Text of the Old Testament

The Books of the Old Testament

Genesis

Exodus

The Rest of the Pentateuch

Early History of Israel

Kingship

Poetry: Wisdom Literature

The Prophets

Isaiah

Jeremiah

The "Minor" Prophets

The Social Vision of the Prophets

Conclusions

 

12.  The Bible: The New Testament

The Four Gospels

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

The Acts of the Apostles

The Epistles

Revelation

English Translations of the Bible

 

13. The Early Christian Church

Persecutions and Martyrdom

Early Christian Thinkers

Persecutions and Victory

The Teaching Church

Ambrose and Augustine

Augustine's Conversion  

Into the Middle Ages

 

Major Dates