Prologue
Act I
Scene 1: Troilus, madly in love with Cressida,
is tormented by Pandarus, who is supposed to bring them together. Aeneas
reports (wrongly) that Paris has been wounded by Menelaus.
Scene 2 : Alexander, Cressida's servant
tells her how the brutish Ajax, a 'nephew' of Priam's son Hector who is
among the Greeks, has humiliated Hector in battle. Pandarus comes and tries
to talk about Troilus, but she ignores his hints. All the main Trojan warriors
cross the stage, Troilus last. Cressida tells Pandarus that Achilles is
better than Troilus. Troilus sends a boy to fetch Pandarus and after he
has gone, Cressida reveals in a soliloquy that she loves Troilus but fears
that once they are united the wooing will cease.
Scene 3 : A council in the Greek camp,
begun by Agamemnon asking what's wrong, why the Greeks have not already
won. Ulysses makes a long speech on the loss of all sense of 'degree' (true
order) which is a cosmic principle, so that once degree is lost, chaos
comes. This leads to his criticism of Achilles, who refuses to fight but
only lounges in his tent while his friend Patroclus imitates and mocks
the Greek leaders. Nestor adds that Ajax has begun to imitate the pride
of Achilles. Aeneas comes from Troy in search of 'godlike' Agamemnon but
fails to recognize him when he sees him. He brings a challenge from Hector,
who is ready to fight any Greek in a chivalric style. Ulysses realizes
that Hector is challenging Achilles and suggests that they arrange a lottery
in which Ajax will be chosen to fight so as to challenge Achilles' pride.
Act II
Scene 1 : Ajax and Thersites enter, insulting
one another, Ajax striking Thersites. The comic confrontation continues
after Achilles and Patroclus enter, Thersites insults Patroclus too.
Scene 2 : A council in Troy after the
Greeks demand again the return of Helen. The debate turns on the nature
of 'value'. Cassandra enters lamenting the coming disaster. Paris
stands up for his rights.
Scene 3 : Long soliloquy by Thersites,
then joking exchanges with Achilles and Patroclus again; Agamemnon etc.
come to speak to Achilles, he refuses to see them. The Greeks begin to
praise Ajax, mocking him by praising his lack of pride, and saying that
he is obviously superior to Achilles.
Act III
Scene 1 : Joking exchange between Pandarus
and a servant, comparing Cressida and Helen; Paris and Helen join Pandarus,
and they make bantering conversation. Pandarus asks Paris to protect Troilus
if Priam asks for him that night, he has another appointment (with Cressida).
Pandarus sings.
Scene 2 : Troilus and Pandarus meet in
front of Cressida's house; Troilus is very tense, he is full of expectation
and afraid of it. Pandarus brings Cressida in, veiled, she seems reluctant
to stay. Pandarus leaves and Cressida confesses her fear in prose, then
after Pandarus returns, her love in verse. Cressida seems to regret her
openness; Troilus insists he is 'true as truth's simplicity'. The lovers
enter into their future reputations. Troilus says that in future people
will say 'true as Troilus.' Cressida says 'if I be false' people should
say 'False as Cressida' and Pandarus hopes that if the two prove false
all go-betweens in future will bear his name. He leads them off to bed.
Scene 3 : Calchas (Cressida's father,
a prophet from Troy who has joined the Greeks) asks that a Trojan prisoner
Antenor be exchanged for Cressida. The Greeks agree and send Diomedes to
take back Antenor and fetch Cressida. The Greek leaders ignore Achilles
as they pass his tent, which upsets him. They have forgotten his reputation,
he feels. Achilles stops Ulysses, who makes a speech about value lying
in the eyes of others, not oneself, and stressing the value of Ajax. Ulysses
makes a speech about Time's wallet; everything exists only in the present;
he suggests that Achilles can become great again by fighting and reveals
that everyone knows about Achilles' 'secret' love for the Trojan Polyxena,
Troilus and Hector's sister. Patroclus urges Achilles to give her up. Achilles
decides to invite the Trojans after the fight between Ajax and Hector.
Thersites describes Ajax's pride. Achilles and Patroclus act out the way
Ajax will receive their message.
Act IV
Scene 1 : Aeneas meets Paris etc. who
are bringing Diomedes to fetch Cressida. Aeneas and Diomedes are familiar
enemies in battle, but greet each other courteously. Paris sends Aeneas
to warn Troilus of their arrival. He asks Diomedes whether he or Menelaus
deserves Helen more; fierce criticism of her since so many on both sides
have died.
Scene 2 : 'Aubade' between Troilus and
Cressida after their first night. Pandarus mocks them. Aeneas comes, and
tells Troilus what is decided. Pandarus tells Cressida.
Scene 3 : Troilus tells Paris he will
walk with Cressida to Diomedes.
Scene 4 : Troilus and Cressida take their
leave. Troilus uses conditionals in speaking of Cressida's faithfulness;
she is upset; he warns her of the Grecian youths and their wooing. Troilus
reaffirms his own plainness. Diomedes begins to woo Cressida at once, before
Troilus. Hector's trumpet is heard.
Scene 5 : All the Greek leaders come accompanying
Ajax (including Achilles and Patroclus); they meet Diomedes bringing
in Cressida. They all kiss her but she criticizes Menelaus as a cuckold.
Hector enters. there is a debate about whether the fight should be to the
death or only a token. Ajax is related to Hector. Troilus is discussed.
Hector refuses to fight more than a symbolic moment, because of their relationship.
Ajax remembers to invite Hector. Hector accepts, inviting Troilus to join
him. All the Greeks greet Hector and Troilus. Hector reminds Menelaus of
Helen. The enemies recognize each other. Hector and Achilles greet each
other as mortal enemies. Achilles promises to go out to fight him in the
battle the next day. Troilus learns that Diomedes is already wooing Cressida
who is with her father in Menelaus' tent.
Act V
Scene 1 : Thersites insults Patroclus,
calls him Achilles' 'male varlet'. Achilles receives a letter from Hecuba
and a token from Polyxena; he cannot go to battle since they beg him not
to. Thersites mocks him in a soliloquy.
Scene 2 : Ulysses and Troilus follow Diomedes
to where Calchas and Cressida are. They watch from a dark place while Diomedes
and Cressida flirt and play. Thersites watches them and comments mockingly.
Troilus keeps control of himself. Cressida gives Diomedes the sleeve Troilus
had given her. She laments her female weakness. Troilus questions if this
was Cressida or not (identity). Thersites closes the scene with a mocking
commentary.
Scene 3 : Andromache (Hector's wife) begs
him not to fight, on account of her bad dreams. Cassandra likewise. Troilus
comes ready to fight, Hector tells him that he will fight for him. Troilus
reproaches Hector for his courtesy in sparing enemies' lives. Troilus insists
that he will fight. Priam comes and urges Hector to stay home. Hector says
he promised the Greeks and must go out. Cassandra foresees his death. Pandarus
brings Troilus a letter from Cressida, which he tears up.
Scene 4 : Thersites makes a mocking commentary.
Troilus and Diomedes enter and leave, fighting. Hector challenges Thersites,
who saves his life by debasing himself.
Scene 5 : Diomedes has captured Troilus'
horse, that he sends to Cressida. Agamemnon enters, announcing that many
Greeks are dead, including Patroclus. Nestor sends the body of Patroclus
to Achilles. Ulysses announces that Achilles is arming in grief, vowing
revenge for Patroclus. He reports that Troilus is fighting wonderfully.
Scene 6 : Ajax comes barging into the
fight between Troilus and Diomedes, they exit fighting. Hector and Achilles
fight, Hector spares Achilles' life. Troilus rushes off to save Aeneas
who has been captured by Ajax. Hector attacks some Greek in beautiful looking
armour that he longs to possess.
Scene 7 : Achilles with his Myrmidons
prepares a trap for Hector (not chivalric but brutal). Menelaus and Paris
are seen fighting, Thersites mocking them. He is attacked by a bastard
son of Priam and identifies himself with bastardy to save his life.
Scene 8 : Hector has killed the Greek,
and found that he was 'putrefied' although the exterior armour was great
to look at. He puts down his sword, rests, and Achilles etc. kill him unarmed.
They tie his body to the tail of Achilles' horse.
Scene 9 : Agamemnon hears the news of
Hector's death and recognizes that Troy is now theirs.
Scene 10 : Troilus tells Aeneas, Paris
etc. that Hector is dead. He foretells the destruction of Troy. He makes
a solemn speech about the effect of the news on Priam. He dismisses Pandarus
in fury and Pandarus makes a bawdy Epilogue, speaking as the archetypal
Pander.